Adapters

Compare the 49 storage backends Files SDK supports, from Cloudflare R2 and S3 to Vercel Blob and the local filesystem, by what each one can do.

An adapter connects Files to one storage backend. Each is its own subpath export (files-sdk/r2, files-sdk/gcs, …) and runs the same methods, so switching providers means swapping the adapter and nothing else. Its provider’s SDK is an optional peer dependency, so the adapters you never import are never bundled.

Each adapter’s page covers installation, the options it takes, and a compatibility table for anything the provider does differently. The provider catalog has the same list as data, with the environment variables each adapter reads.

Recommended adapters

These providers help maintain Files SDK by sponsoring its development.

Other adapters

Compare adapters

Every adapter runs the same methods. Where providers differ is in the options those methods take: a byte range, a folder listing, custom metadata, and so on. An adapter that can’t do something throws before calling the provider, instead of quietly ignoring the option. The table shows what each adapter supports with its default options. At runtime, files.capabilities reports the same flags for the adapter you configured.

What each adapter supports with its default options
Adapter	Range reads	Folders	Metadata	Cache-Control	Resumable uploads	Server-side copy	Upload progress	Storage events	Signed URLs	Direct uploads	Conditional writes
Cloudflare R2Recommended	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Yes	No
Akamai Cloud Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
Alibaba Cloud OSS	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
Appwrite	No	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No
Archil	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
Azure Blob Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Backblaze B2	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Yes	No
Box	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Provider-set	No	No
Bun S3	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	7 days	Yes	No
Bunny Storage	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
Cloudinary	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No
Convex	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
DigitalOcean Spaces	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
Dropbox	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	Provider-set	No	No
Exoscale Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
Filebase	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
Filesystem	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Firebase Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Size-capped	No
FTP	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No	No
Google Cloud Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Size-capped	No
Google Drive	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Hetzner Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
IBM Cloud Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
iDrive e2	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
In-Memory	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	No	No
MinIO	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Size-capped	No
Neon	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
Netlify Blobs	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No
OneDrive	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Oracle Cloud Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
OVHcloud Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
PocketBase	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Provider-set	No	No
Railway Buckets	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
RustFS	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Size-capped	No
S3	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Size-capped	Yes
S3 (fetch)	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	No	Yes	7 days	Yes	No
Scaleway Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
SFTP	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No
SharePoint	Yes	Yes	No	No	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No
Storj	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Size-capped	No
Supabase Storage	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	No
Tencent Cloud Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
Tigris	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Size-capped	No
UploadThing	Yes	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	No	Yes	No
Vercel Blob	Yes	Yes	No	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	No	Size-capped	No
Vultr Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No
Wasabi	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	7 days	Size-capped	No
WebDAV	Yes	Yes	No	No	No	Yes	No	No	No	No	No
Yandex Object Storage	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes	No	7 days	Size-capped	No

Range reads: download(key, { range }) fetches only the bytes you ask for.
Folders: list({ delimiter: "/" }) returns one level of a hierarchy, with subfolders as prefixes.
Metadata and Cache-Control: upload() stores custom metadata or a Cache-Control header on the object.
Resumable uploads: upload() with an UploadControl can pause, resume, and pick up in a later process. See resumable uploads.
Server-side copy: copy() happens inside the provider, without downloading and re-uploading the body.
Upload progress: the provider reports byte-level progress for every body. Without it, onProgress still reports bytes for stream bodies, and start and finish for buffered ones.
Signed URLs: url() returns a link that expires, up to the lifetime shown. Some adapters sign only in some modes: Vercel Blob only with access: "private", Dropbox unless publicByDefault is set, and R2’s Workers binding only with HTTP credentials as well.
Conditional writes: uploads that apply only if the key is absent, or still has a given ETag. The s3() adapter uses S3’s conditional requests on AWS; against another S3-compatible endpoint, opt in with conditional: true where the provider supports them. See conditional operations.